Cost Estimation & Tendering Guide for Construction Projects

Chapter: 6. estimating& tendring ………………………………………………………………………………..220

.6.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………221

6.2. Methods of estimating: ……………………………………………………………………………………….222

6.2.1. Space method ………………………………………………………………………………………………222

6.2.2. Unit Method ………………………………………………………………………………………………..222

6.2.3. Element Method …………………………………………………………………………………………..223

6.2.4. Spot Method ………………………………………………………………………………………………..223

6.2.5. Detailed Method (Case Study)…………………………………………………………………………223

6.2.6. Operational Method: …………………………………………………………………………………….224

6.2.7. General WBS ………………………………………………………………………………………………..224

6.3. EXAMPLE …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..224

6.3.1. COLUMN WORKS ………………………………………………………………………………………….224

.6.3.2 SLABS WORKS ………………………………………………………………………………………………228

6.3.3. RETAINING WALL WORKS……………………………………………………………………………….231

6.4. Sheet of cost estimate: ………………………………………………………………………………………..238

.6.5 total direct cost: …………………………………………………………………………………………………362

6.5.1. Direct Cost of working items: ………………………………………………………………………….362

6.5.2. Direct cost of resource: ………………………………………………………………………………….363

Estimating is considered an approximate way to predict the costs of the project. By the way, tender study is considered one of the most important tasks in construction industry that enables the contractor from success through the profit that the contractor estimates and does is best to increase it though, the success of any company is measured by how much contracts can it take especially when the competition between  companies  is strong.  So, to  measure how the management department is successful we can use some indicators: