Crater crack, also known as star crack, is a weld defect characterized by the presence of cracks at the end of a weld crater. These cracks typically radiate outward from the crater, resembling the arms of a star, hence the name. Crater cracks can occur due to several factors, including rapid cooling of the weld crater, shrinkage stresses, and inadequate […]
Cluster porosity throughout welds refers to a weld defect characterized by the presence of numerous small pores or voids distributed throughout the entire weldment. This defect typically occurs due to gas entrapment during the welding process, where bubbles of gas (such as hydrogen or nitrogen) become trapped within the weld metal as it solidifies. Cluster porosity can significantly compromise the […]
Lack of root penetration in welds refers to a defect where the weld metal fails to penetrate fully into the root of the joint, leaving a gap or incomplete fusion at the root. This defect can occur due to various factors such as improper welding parameters, insufficient heat input, or inadequate joint preparation. Lack of root penetration can compromise the […]
Lack of sidewall fusion and slug welds defect is a combination of two separate issues occurring simultaneously in a weld joint. Example: Welding of Pressure Vessels Let’s consider the welding of pressure vessels for industrial use, such as those used in chemical processing plants. Pressure vessels are critical components for storing and transporting chemicals under high pressure and temperature conditions. […]
Root piping in welds refers to a defect where voids or cavities are formed at the root of the weld joint, typically in the root pass. This defect can occur due to several reasons, including inadequate welding techniques, improper joint preparation, or insufficient shielding gas coverage. Root piping can compromise the structural integrity and mechanical properties of the weld joint, […]
Transverse cracking in welds refers to a defect where cracks occur perpendicular to the direction of the weld bead, typically extending across the width of the weld joint. This defect can be caused by various factors such as high levels of residual stress, hydrogen embrittlement, improper welding parameters, or inadequate joint preparation. Transverse cracking in welds can compromise the structural […]
Lack of sidewall fusion in welds refers to a defect where the weld metal fails to fuse adequately with the sidewalls of the joint, resulting in incomplete penetration and fusion along the sides of the weld. This defect can occur due to insufficient heat input, improper welding technique, or inadequate joint preparation. Lack of sidewall fusion can compromise the structural […]
Linear misalignment in welds refers to a defect where the edges of the weld joint are not aligned properly in a straight line, resulting in a deviation or offset along the length of the weld bead. This defect can occur due to improper fit-up, misalignment of the workpieces, or inadequate welding technique. Linear misalignment in welds can compromise the structural […]
Elongated slag line weld defect refers to the presence of elongated or extended slag inclusions within the weld bead. This defect occurs when slag particles are not properly removed during the welding process and become elongated or stretched along the length of the weld bead. Elongated slag line defects can compromise the structural integrity and mechanical properties of the weld, […]
Slag line weld defect occurs when slag gets entrapped in the weld metal during the welding process. Slag is a byproduct of the flux used in welding processes such as shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) or flux-cored arc welding (FCAW). When slag becomes trapped in the weld metal, it forms a line or inclusion within the weld bead, known as […]