What is the design criteria of bolted Tension Joints? Explain in details step by step procedure of a design of bolted Tension Joints with required formula and an example.

Designing a bolted tension joint involves determining the required bolt size, number of bolts, spacing, and other relevant details for joining two members subjected to tensile forces. Here is a step-by-step procedure for designing a bolted tension joint:

1. Determine the Loads: Identify the applied tensile loads that the joint needs to resist. Consider both static and dynamic loads and determine the design loads based on applicable design codes and standards.
2. Material Selection: Select appropriate materials for the members being joined, considering factors such as yield strength, tensile strength, and thickness. Ensure that the materials being joined have compatible mechanical properties.
3. Calculate Design Forces: Determine the design forces acting on the joint based on the applied loads. This may involve analyzing the structural system and considering factors such as load distribution and load combinations.
4. Select Bolt Type: Choose the appropriate bolt type for the joint based on the design requirements. Common bolt types include structural bolts, high-strength bolts, or friction-grip bolts. Consider factors such as tensile capacities, corrosion resistance, and other applicable criteria.
5. Calculate Bolt Tensile Capacity: Determine the required tensile capacity of each bolt based on the design forces. Calculate the tensile capacity of an individual bolt using the formula:Tensile Capacity = Bolt Area * Bolt Tensile StrengthThe bolt tensile strength can be obtained from bolt manufacturer specifications or design codes.
6. Determine Bolt Size: Select an appropriate bolt size that satisfies the required tensile capacity. Consider the limitations imposed by the available bolt sizes and the practicality of fabrication and installation.
7. Determine Bolt Spacing: Calculate the required bolt spacing based on the design forces and the desired level of performance. The bolt spacing should be sufficient to distribute the applied loads evenly and avoid excessive deformation or stress concentrations. Consider factors such as edge distance, end distance, and any specific requirements specified in the design codes.
8. Determine Bolt Layout and Number of Bolts: Determine the layout of the bolts along the joint and calculate the required number of bolts. The bolt layout should consider the load distribution, symmetry, and practical aspects of fabrication and installation.
9. Check Bolt Preload: Calculate the required bolt preload to ensure that the joint maintains sufficient clamping force. Bolt preload is typically determined based on the desired level of stiffness, the anticipated external loads, and the requirements specified in the design codes.
10. Design Details: Determine the specific design details of the joint, such as the use of washers, nut type, and any additional reinforcement or stiffeners required. Consider practicality, constructability, and maintenance requirements.
11. Quality Control: Implement quality control measures during fabrication and installation to ensure the integrity of the joint. This may involve visual inspection, torque verification, and dimensional checks.
12. Design Verification: Perform structural analysis or calculations to verify the strength and performance of the bolted tension joint. This may include checks for bolt tensile capacities, bolt spacing, and joint deflections.

Here’s an example to illustrate the design process:

Example: Design of a Bolted Tension Joint

Given:

• Applied tensile load: 50 kN
• Yield strength of the members: 250 MPa
• Bolt tensile strength: 400 MPa

Step 1: Determine the Loads The applied tensile load is 50 kN.

Step 2: Material Selection Select appropriate materials based on the yield strength requirement.

Step 3: Calculate Design Forces Design force is 50 kN.

Step 4: Select Bolt Type Choose a bolt type suitable for tension applications.

Step 5: Calculate Bolt Tensile Capacity Calculate the required tensile capacity of each bolt: Tensile Capacity = Bolt Area * Bolt Tensile Strength

Step 6: Determine Bolt Size Select an appropriate bolt size that satisfies the required tensile capacity.

Step 7: Determine Bolt Spacing Calculate the required bolt spacing based on design requirements.

Step 8: Determine Bolt Layout and Number of Bolts Determine the layout and calculate the number of bolts needed for the joint.

Step 9: Check Bolt Preload Calculate the required bolt preload to ensure proper clamping force.

Step 10: Design Details Specify the details of washers, nut type, and any additional reinforcement if required.

Step 11: Quality Control Implement quality control measures during fabrication and installation.

Step 12: Design Verification Perform structural analysis or calculations to verify the strength and performance of the bolted tension joint.

It is important to note that the specific formulas and procedures for designing bolted tension joints may vary depending on the design codes and standards being used. It is recommended to consult the relevant design code or consult with a qualified structural engineer to ensure accurate and compliant joint design.