What is Groove Joints? Explain in details of different types of Groove joints with example to application.

Groove joints are a type of welded joint where the two members to be joined have a groove or recess created in their edges. The groove provides a space for the weld metal to fill and bond the two members together. Groove joints are commonly used when high strength and full penetration welds are required. There are several types of groove joints, each with its own characteristics and applications. Let’s explore some of the commonly used groove joints:

1. Square Groove Joint: In a square groove joint, a rectangular groove is created on the edges of the two members to be joined. The edges are then welded together, resulting in a square or rectangular weld bead. Square groove joints are often used in structural applications where high strength and load-bearing capacity are required, such as in the construction of buildings, bridges, and heavy machinery.
2. V-Groove Joint: In a V-groove joint, a V-shaped groove is created on the edges of the two members. The angle of the V-groove can vary, commonly ranging from 45 degrees to 75 degrees. V-groove joints are used when a deep penetration weld is required, and they allow for better access and fusion between the weld metal and the base material. These joints are often used in pipe welding and other applications where high-quality, full penetration welds are necessary.
3. U-Groove Joint: A U-groove joint features a U-shaped groove on the edges of the two members. The U-groove provides increased volume for the weld metal, resulting in higher strength and better penetration. U-groove joints are commonly used in heavy fabrication and structural welding, especially when welding thicker materials.
4. J-Groove Joint: In a J-groove joint, a J-shaped groove is created on one side of one member and a flat surface is prepared on the other member. The two members are then welded together, resulting in a J-shaped weld profile. J-groove joints are commonly used in applications where a single-sided groove joint is required, such as when welding pipes or tubes.
5. Bevel Groove Joint: A bevel groove joint involves creating a sloped or angled groove on the edges of the two members. The angle of the bevel can vary depending on the requirements of the application. Bevel groove joints allow for increased weld penetration and are commonly used in pipe welding, structural fabrication, and shipbuilding.

The choice of groove joint depends on factors such as the material being welded, the required strength, the welding process being used, and the specific application. Groove joints are often used in industries such as construction, manufacturing, shipbuilding, and oil and gas, where strong and reliable welds are essential for structural integrity.