A diaphragm wall is a structural element used in construction that provides vertical support and acts as a barrier to groundwater. It consists of a continuous reinforced concrete wall that is typically cast in situ (on-site) using specialized construction techniques. Diaphragm walls are commonly employed in projects where deep excavations are necessary, such as basements, underground structures, and foundation walls.
Applications of Diaphragm Walls:
Retaining Walls: Diaphragm walls are primarily used as retaining walls to support and stabilize soil or water on one side while allowing excavation or construction on the other side. They provide excellent lateral resistance to earth and water pressure, making them suitable for deep excavations.
Basement Construction: Diaphragm walls are widely utilized in basement construction projects, enabling the creation of underground spaces. They serve as the perimeter walls of the basement, preventing water seepage and supporting the surrounding soil.
Cut-off Walls: Diaphragm walls can be employed as cut-off walls to control groundwater flow and prevent seepage. They are used to create underground barriers that isolate contaminated areas or protect critical structures, such as dams, tunnels, and underground storage facilities.
Tunnel Construction: Diaphragm walls are utilized in tunnel construction as part of the tunnel shafts or cross-passages. They provide stability and prevent water ingress, ensuring the safety and durability of the tunnel structure.
Benefits of Diaphragm Walls:
Structural Integrity: Diaphragm walls offer excellent structural integrity due to their continuous reinforced concrete construction. They provide high strength and stiffness, enabling them to withstand significant loads and pressures.
Water Tightness: The impermeability of diaphragm walls makes them an ideal choice for projects where water tightness is essential. They prevent the ingress of groundwater, thereby ensuring the stability of excavations and protecting underground structures.
Flexibility: Diaphragm walls can be constructed to accommodate various shapes and sizes, making them versatile for different project requirements. They can be constructed to significant depths and heights, adapting to the specific geological conditions of the site.
Construction Efficiency: Diaphragm walls can be constructed relatively quickly, especially when using modern techniques such as the “slurry trench” method. This allows for faster project completion and reduces overall construction time.
Environmental Considerations: Diaphragm walls have minimal impact on the surrounding environment during construction. The use of bentonite slurry, which is commonly used as a support fluid, helps stabilize the excavation and reduces the risk of ground settlement.
