Study Materials

“Hard stamping” in welding refers to a defect where excessive force is applied to the weld during post-weld processing, such as stamping, grinding, or machining. This excessive force can cause deformation or cracking of the weld metal, leading to compromised structural integrity and mechanical properties. The impact of hard stamping on weld quality can be […]

Wormholes in welding refer to a defect where small cavities or voids are present within the weld metal. These cavities typically appear as interconnected channels or tunnels running through the weld, resembling the shape of a wormhole. Wormholes can occur due to various factors such as improper shielding gas coverage, electrode contamination, or inadequate welding

Root piping in welds refers to a defect where voids or cavities are formed at the root of the weld joint, typically in the root pass. This defect can occur due to several reasons, including inadequate welding techniques, improper joint preparation, or insufficient shielding gas coverage. Root piping can compromise the structural integrity and mechanical

Linear misalignment in welds refers to a defect where the edges of the weld joint are not aligned properly in a straight line, resulting in a deviation or offset along the length of the weld bead. This defect can occur due to improper fit-up, misalignment of the workpieces, or inadequate welding technique. Linear misalignment in